Answers to the 2001 King Williams College Christmas Quiz http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,624536,00.html Mail contributions to Nat Friedman (nat@nat.org) Introduction ============ These answers have been produced through an open collaboration on the Internet. Nyah nyah nyah. Rules: ------ When we began working on this quiz, we had a strict "no google" rule, and stuck only to books and our own knowledge. Now that impatience and desperation have gotten the better of us, we're accepting answers gotten through whatever means are available to you. A few specific rules still stand, however: * If you do use a search engine to find an answer, please clearly specify that you cheated so we can keep track of which answers were found honestly and which ones were google-got. * If you use google or the like to verify an answer which was not illicitly discovered, you're not cheating. * If the answer is given to you by someone else, please credit them appropriately when you submit it. * When you write glosses or explanations, please craft some original text. We can't plagiarize those explanations off of web pages or out of encyclopaedias. Web searching to get background information for glosses is fine. That's it. Have fun! Suggestions/notes: ------------------ * I have a suspicion that we haven't totally nailed the theme for section four. Are these just obscure city names that we need to complete, or is there some other tie that binds them? Jane suggests that these cities might be part of the old 18th century European Grand Tour. * We need help writing a lot of the glosses/explanations for our existing answers. These can be very educational and fun to write, so I strongly encourage you to help with those. :-) * Nigel West, international expert on spies and author of many books on the subject, has graciously responded to our email and verified almost all of section 13! * Victorianism seems to be a common thread throughout the quiz (particularly section 12, of course). Given that 2001 is the 100th anniversary of her death, this seems appropriate. * Another connection: 4.2 (St. Paul) and 16.1 (Castor and Pollux were the figurehead on the ship St. Paul sailed from Malta on). Credits, in alphabetical order: ------------------------------- (If you're not listed here and want to be, please msg or mail me) Chris Arden, Amittai Axelrod, Liem Bahneman, Timothy Lu Hu Ball, Aaron Beck, Jacob Berkman, Joann Boaz, Peter Bowen, Rupert Bozeat, Anna Britton, Gerald Britton, Keith Britton, Lois Britton, Kira Brown, Veanne Cao, Anne Chippindale, Wim Coekaerts, Bart Cortooms, Mark Crichton, Sebastien Delestaing, Nat Friedman, Dave Gilbert, Martin Glassborow, Alex Graveley, Helen Greenham, Rachel Greenham, Telsa Gwynne, John Halewood, Brian Heaton, Jauder Ho, David Holland, Jerry Holland, Jukka Honkela, Bryan Hopkinson, Stephanie Hopkinson, Debra Horng, Dennis Johnson, Cheridy Jollie, Russell King, Nathan Laredo, Rolf Lear, Elliot Lee, Albert Lin, Mario Lorenz, Chris Maclean, Dave Maletsky, Lars Marowsky-Bree, Dan McGrew, Megan McLemore, Bill Nottingham, Christopher Payne, Mike Pepper, Mike Phillips, Pekka Pietikainen, Dick Porter, Dan Rogers, Philipp Rumpf, Phil Schwan, Mike Shaver, Clyde Shaw, Joe "Harold" Shaw, Kevin Simmons, Manish Singh, Alan Smithee, Jane Taylor, Bart Vanhauwaert, John Walker, Simon Weijgers, Nigel West, Peter Williams, Keith Willoughby The Latin --------- The Latin text at the top of the Guardian's article is: Scire ubi aliquid invenire possis, ea demum maxima pars eruditionis est. which means: To know where you can find anything, that in short is the largest part of learning. So I guess they were inviting us to use google all along. :-) Status ====== Legend: - We have no idea. G - We have guesses/clues. V - Needs verification. * - Got it! E - Needs a backing explanation, or a better explanation. C - Someone "cheated" to produce this one. 1.1: * 2.1: * C 3.1: * 4.1: * C 5.1: * 1.2: * C 2.2: * 3.2: * 4.2: * 5.2: V 1.3: * 2.3: * C 3.3: * 4.3: * 5.3: *EC 1.4: * C 2.4: * 3.4: * 4.4: * 5.4: * 1.5: * C 2.5: * 3.5: * C 4.5: * 5.5: * C 1.6: * C 2.6: * C 3.6: * 4.6: * 5.6: * 1.7: * C 2.7: * C 3.7: * 4.7: * 5.7: *E 1.8: * 2.8: * 3.8: * 4.8: * 5.8: * 1.9: * 2.9: * 3.9: * 4.9: * 5.9: G 1.10: * C 2.10: * C 3.10: * 4.10: * 5.10: * C 6.1: * C 7.1: * 8.1: * 9.1: * C 10.1: * 6.2: * 7.2: * 8.2: * C 9.2: * 10.2: * C 6.3: * 7.3: * 8.3: * 9.3: * C 10.3: * 6.4: * 7.4: * 8.4: * C 9.4: * 10.4: * 6.5: * C 7.5: * 8.5: *E 9.5: * 10.5: * 6.6: * 7.6: * 8.6: * 9.6: * C 10.6: * C 6.7: * C 7.7: * 8.7: * C 9.7: * 10.7: *E 6.8: * 7.8: * C 8.8: * C 9.8: * 10.8: *E 6.9: * 7.9: * 8.9: * 9.9: * 10.9: * 6.10: * C 7.10: * 8.10: * 9.10: * C 10.10: * 11.1: * C 12.1: * 13.1: * 14.1: * 15.1: * 11.2: * C 12.2: * C 13.2: * 14.2: *EC 15.2: * C 11.3: * C 12.3: * C 13.3: * 14.3: * 15.3: * 11.4: * C 12.4: * C 13.4: * 14.4: VEC 15.4: * C 11.5: * C 12.5: *EC 13.5: * 14.5: G C 15.5: * 11.6: * C 12.6: *EC 13.6: * 14.6: * 15.6: *E 11.7: * C 12.7: * 13.7: VEC 14.7: G C 15.7: *EC 11.8: * C 12.8: * 13.8: * 14.8: *E 15.8: * 11.9: * C 12.9: * C 13.9: * 14.9: * 15.9: * C 11.10: * C 12.10: * 13.10: * 14.10: * 15.10: * C 16.1: * 17.1: *E 18.1: VEC 16.2: V 17.2: *EC 18.2: * 16.3: * 17.3: * 18.3: G 16.4: VE 17.4: * C 18.4: * C 16.5: * C 17.5: *E 18.5: * C 16.6: * 17.6: *EC 18.6: * 16.7: * C 17.7: VEC 18.7: * 16.8: VE 17.8: * 18.8: * 16.9: * C 17.9: * 18.9: * C 16.10: * 17.10: *E 18.10: V THE QUIZ 1 In 1901: ========== 1.1 who fell to a Buffalo shot? William McKinley. The Ohio-born 25th US president was shot by "anarchist" Leon Czolgosz at a train station in Buffalo, NY on September 6th, 1901. The assassination came one day after McKinley had swept aside American isolationism in a speech at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, saying "Isolation is no longer possible or desirable. The period of exclusiveness is past." He died 8 days later, on September 14th. 1.2 by whom were the Blades blunted? Tottenham Hotspur. Sheffield United (the Blades) played Tottenham Hotpsur in the finals of the FA Challenge Cup. They played to a 2-2 draw at Crystal Palace on April 20, 1901; one week later Tottenham Hotspur prevailed 3-1 at Bolton. Tottenham Hotpsur was a non-league club at the time and this is the only time the FA Cup was won by a non-league club since the league began. 1.3 who was at home to Washington in Washington? Theodore Roosevelt. On October 16th, 1901 after a meeting with Booker T. Washington, President Roosevelt invited the educator and Principal of the Tuskegee Institute to dine with him. Washington was the first black American to eat at the White House with the President. 1.4 what made its debut between Shepherd's Bush and Kew? The first electric tram service. Oddly enough, the first electric trams came after the first electric underground railways. The first electric tram service was opened on July 10th, 1901, by London United Tramways. It ran between Shepherd's Bush and Kew. For further information: http://www.tramways.freeserve.co.uk/Festrv01.htm 1.5 which line was completed despite carnivorous interruptions? The Ugandan Railroad in Kenya. The Ugandan railroad through south/central Africa was completed in 1901 despite many of the Indian workers being attacked and eaten by maneless man-eating lions. In 1996, a major Hollywood film starring Val Kilmer and Michael Douglas was made about the incident called "Ghost in the Darkness." 1.6 where, in spite of paternal familiarity, did he have to dress up as a copper? Birmingham. David Lloyd George was elected to Parliament in 1870, and served for 55 years. In 1901, his open opposition to the South African War incited a riot in Birmingham, which he narrowly escaped by dressing up as a policeman. The paternal familiarity referred to by the question is a reference to the music-hall song "Lloyd George Knew My Father." 1.7 who opened a concert hall next door to his show rooms? Bechstein. Bechstein are a German piano firm which had showrooms in Wigmore Street in London. The Bechstein Hall was built next door to the music store and opened on May 31st, 1901. It is now known as the Wigmore Hall, and has its own webpage: http://www.wigmore-hall.org.uk/ 1.8 who became the first on the first of the first? Sir Edmund Barton. The country of Australia federated on January 1st, 1901. Barton, who led the push to federate, was asked to be the first prime minister until one could be elected. Not so surprisingly, he won, and served from 1901 to 1903. 1.9 which King created a revolutionary blade? King Camp Gillette. In 1895, a traveling salesman by the name of King Camp Gillette had an idea for a disposable razor blade. He went on to form Massachusetts-based Gillette Company in 1901. In patent suit testimony years later, he explained: "...the thought occurred to me that no radical improvements had been made in razors, especially in razor blades, for several centuries, and it flashed through my mind that if by any possibility razor blades could be constructed and made cheap enough to do away with honing and stropping and permit the user to replace dull blades by new ones, such improvements would be highly important ..." 1.10 who revealed the apian story? Count Maeterlinck. In 1901, Count Maeterlinck published "The Life of the Bee," which proclaimed honeybees to be so intelligent as to have their own language. His essay was ridiculed by the scientists of his day, but the hypothesis it presented was later verified by Karl von Frisch, who won a Nobel Prize for decoding the honeybee dance in 1973. Oh yes, and "apian" means "having to do with bees." 2 In which tale: (Robert Louis Stevenson books) =============================================== 2.1 was the villain twice resurrected? "The Master of Ballantrae, A Winter's Tale," by Robert Louis Stevenson. Here is the relevant passage for the first resurrection: Certainly Mr. Henry only saved himself by leaping on one side; as certainly the Master, lunging in the air, stumbled on his knee, and before he could move the sword was through his body. ... "God forgive us, Mr. Henry!" said I. "He is dead." ... "It is gone!" she repeated. "What is gone?" "The body," said I. "Why are you not with your husband?" ... "Where have you buried him?" he repeated. "I want to see his grave.". I conceived I had best take the bull by the horns. "Mr. Henry," said I, "I have news to give that will rejoice you exceedingly. In all human likelihood, your hands are clear of blood. I reason from certain indices; and by these it should appear your brother was not dead, but was carried in a swound on board the lugger. But now he may be perfectly recovered." And for the second: Of the flight of time, I have no idea; it may have been three hours, and it may have been five, that the Indian laboured to reanimate his master's body. One thing only I know, that it was still night, and the moon was not yet set, although it had sunk low, and now barred the plateau with long shadows, when Secundra uttered a small cry of satisfaction; and, leaning swiftly forth, I thought I could myself perceive a change upon that icy countenance of the unburied. The next moment I beheld his eyelids flutter; the next they rose entirely, and the week-old corpse looked me for a moment in the face. 2.2 were callops on the menu at the Cage? _Kidnapped_, by Robert Louis Stevenson. Here's the appropriate passage from the book (chapter 23): '"Step in by, the both of ye, gentlemen," says Cluny. "I make ye welcome to my house, which is a queer, rude place for certain, but one where I have entertained a royal personage, Mr. Stewart -- ye doubtless ken the personage I have in my eye. We'll take a dram for luck, and as soon as this handless man of mine has the collops ready, we'll dine and take a hand at the cartes as gentlemen should.' 2.3 did Toddy secure Gray's head for Richardson? _The Body Snatcher_, by Robert Louis Stevenson. The passage: 'But [Toddy] Macfarlane silenced him roughly, bidding him turn to business. When they had got the body upstairs and laid it on the table, Macfarlane made at first as if he were going away. Then he paused and seemed to hesitate; and then, "You had better look at the face," said ... "Richardson," said he, "may have the head."' 2.4 did the hijacked Good Hope founder on the sands? _The Black Arrow_, by Robert Louis Stevenson. The passage: '"By the mass!" cried Dick, as the bows of the Good Hope reappeared above the foam, "I thought we had foundered, indeed; my heart was at my throat.".' And a bit later it actually did. 2.5 did the narrator ride from Clackmannan Pool to Inverary? _Catriona_, by Robert Louis Stevenson. The passage: "...with a purse of money and the assurance that a good horse should be standing saddled for me by two to-morrow at Clackmannan Pool. This done, and the boat riding by her stone anchor, we lay down to sleep under the sail." And then, four pages later: "...a little before the end of the sermon, came to the kirk doors of Inverary." 2.6 was the heroine the colour of a mouse, with a kindly eye and a determined under-jaw? _Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes_, by Robert Louis Stevenson. The passage: "Father Adam had a cart, and to draw the cart a diminutive she-ass, not much bigger than a dog, the colour of a mouse, with a kindly eye and a determined under-jaw. There was something neat and high-bred, a quakerish elegance, about the rogue that hit my fancy on the spot." 2.7 were the travellers cheated by one named Carnival? _An Inland Voyage_, by Robert Louis Stevenson. The passage: "Carnival notoriously cheated us at first. Finding us easy in our ways, he regretted having let us off so cheaply; and taking me aside, told me a cock-and-bull story with the moral of another five francs for the narrator." 2.8 was the skeleton of Allardyce left as a pointer? _Treasure Island_, by Robert Louis Stevenson. The passage: "They're long bones, and the hair's been yellow. Aye, that would be Allardyce. You mind Allardyce, Tom Morgan?" 2.9 did Sir Danvers Carew meet a violent death? _The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde_, by Robert Louis Stevenson. The passage: 'And with the same grave countenance he hurried through his breakfast and drove to the police station, whither the body had been carried. As soon as he came into the cell, he nodded. "Yes," said he, "I recognise him. I am sorry to say that this is Sir Danvers Carew."' 2.10 did a father sentence his son to death? _The Weir of Hermiston_ a.k.a. _The Justice Clerk_, by Robert Louis Stevenson. In the Introduction to "The Scottish Novels," Roderick Watson writes of Stevenson's final, unfinished book: "Frank Innes will seduce young Christina, and Archie Weir will kill him for it, only to be imprisoned for trial at the command of his own father, the Lord Justice-Clerk. In this way the book's early confrontations between father and son... will take place all over again, but this time in mortal and mutually tragic terms." However, it appears that Stevenson did not live long enough to actually pen the portion of the book where father sentences son to death, though every aspect of the book does seem to be pointing in that direction when it abruptly ends. 3 Using all the same letters, create: (two answers, anagrams) ============================================================= 3.1 Marie-Henri Beyle and the venue for Up-Helly-Aa. Stendahl, Shetland. The famous monopseudonymous author of "Le Rouge Et Le Noir," Stendahl's real name was Marie-Henri Beyle. Up-Helly-Aa is a festival on the Shetland Islands harking back to Viking times. The festival includes processesions with fire torches and a big viking ship. 3.2 a test venue and the infinitive of dividing equally into two. The Oval, To Halve. The Oval is where Test cricket is played. Test matches are internationals. 3.3 Pasternak's heroine and the much-reduced recipient of Oxus. Lara, Aral. Lara was the heroine and Yurii Zhivago's love interest in Boris Leonidovich Pasternak's epic novel, _Dr. Zhivago_. The Oxus is the ancient name for the present-day Amu Darya, one of the longest rivers in central Asia, formed by the confluence of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers and flowing west-northwest to the southern shore of the Aral Sea. 3.4 the elected chamber of Tynwald Court and the island home of Talisker. Keys, Skye. Keys is the name of the lower house of the Manx legislature. Talisker is a Scottish distillery famous for its malts which Robert Louis Stevenson -- who shows up elsewhere in this quiz -- ranked with the Islay and Glinlivet whiskys. The distillery is located on the exposed west coast of the island of Skye. Additionally, Talisker House is the seat of the eldest son of the MacLeod clan. 3.5 a week which, unlike its founder, is not dead, and the murderess of Scarpia. Ascot, Tosca. Royal Ascot is a horserace week in England, famed for Ladies' Day when the landed attendees wear silly hats. Tosca is the name of a devout young Italian girl in a Puccini opera of the same name who encounters a savage police chief named Scarpia, whom she dispatches with a knife. 3.6 a medieval university hall and, according to Swift, what every man desires to do. Gonville, Live Long. Gonville Hall is the original name for the Cambridge college now called Gonville and Caius (pronounced "keys"). It was founded by Edmund Gonville in 1348. Swift's quote is "Every man desires to live long; but no man would be old" and is from the pleasingly nebulously-titled "Thoughts on Various Subjects" from 1727. For more information on Swift: http://w1.xrefer.com/entry/249648 And on Gonville: http://www.cai.cam.ac.uk/college/archive/exhib/anni/index.php 3.7 Bolivar's native city and a purgative derived from the bark of a buckthorn. Caracas, Cascara. Born in Caracas, Venezuela, Simon Bolivar was one of South America's greatest generals whose victories over the Spaniards won independence for Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Cascara Sagrada is the dried bark of the Cascara Buckthorn, harvested as a laxative in the US states of Washington and Oregon. It is also known as "Bearberry." 3.8 a motorcycle carnival and a small, dispersed, amount of something. TT Races, Scatter. The TT Races are an annual motorcycle road race held on the Isle of Man (though not held this year!). And a scatter is a small, dispersed amount of something. An alternative though inferior answer is "dash, dash." The "Dash for Cash" is an annual motorcycle rally held in Des Moines, Iowa. And a dash is also a small, dispersed amount of something. 3.9 a frame with a hinged pin and the setting for Buddenbrooks. Buckle, Lubeck. Buddenbrooks is a novel by Thomas Mann which tells the story of four generations of a wealthy bourgeois family in Lubeck, in northern Germany. 3.10 small table mats and an unwilling imbiber of hemlock. Coasters, Socrates. Coasters are table mats for glasses. Socrates was condemned to drink hemlock, and hence to die, by the citizens of Athens for allegedly corrupting the city's youth with his teachings. 4 Complete: (compound names of small, old, gorgeous European cities) ==================================================================== 4.1 i Rana Mo i Rana. Mo i Rana is a small town on the west coast of Norway, and, not unusually for Norwegian towns, is situated next to a fjord. Latitude 66.32N, longitude 14.13E. 4.2 il Bahar San Pawl il-Bahar. A small town on the northern coast of Malta where St. Paul was allegedly shipwrecked and was attacked by a snake. Latitude 35.95N, longitude 14.40E. 4.3 sur Alzette Esch-sur-Alzette. With a population of 25,000, Esch-sur-Alzette is the second largest city in Luxembourg. Latitude 49.30N, longitude 5.59E. 4.4 en Famenne Marche-en-Famenne. Marche-en-Famenne is a small city located in the French-speaking part of Belgium, Wallonia. It's best known for its tourism. More information about Marche-en-Famenne can be found on the city's website, at www.marche.be. Latitude 50.13N, longitude 5.21E. 4.5 de Barrameda Sanlucar de Barrameda. Forming the western point of Spain's famed Sherry Triangle, Sanlucar de Barrameda is on the Cadiz coast. It is said that Queen Isabella of Spain glimpsed the ocean for the first time from Sanlucar's castle. This question foreshadows all of section 11. Latitude 36.47N, longitude 6.21W. 4.6 ob der Tauber Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Rothenburg is a small but famous town in Germany, located above the Tauber river (ob der Tauber, in fact). The town's web site is www.rothenburg.de. Latitude 49.25N, longitude 10.11E. 4.7 la Gaillarde Brive la Gaillarde. The Tour de France runs through this small, central-southern French town. The town's web site can be found at www.ville-brive-la-gaillarde.fr. Latitude 45.10N, longitude 1.32E. 4.8 del Grappa Bassano del Grappa. This beautiful town is located in the Veneto region in Italy, Bassano. Latitude 45.46N, longitude 11.44E. 4.9 de Fonds Chaux de Fonds. La Chaux de Fonds is in Switzerland, near Neuchatel. Latitude 47.06N, longitude 7.49E. 4.10 op Zoom Bergen op Zoom. Bergen op Zoom is a small Dutch town on the border with Belgium. Latitude 51.30N, longitude 4.18E. 5 What infectious disease was associated with: ============================================== 5.1 Eyam? Plague/Black Death. Eyam is the "plague village" where the residents voluntarily adopted the suggestion of the rector and imposed a self-quarantine, knowing it would rage through the village but would be stopped from spreading further. It did indeed devastate them, but it didn't spread. Wonder if the residents of Eyam realised they'd be remembered centuries later... 5.2 Stratford? [ Massive debate raging here. See these links: http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/shake_strat.htm http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/square/fk26/localpast/86su/plague.htm http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/humanities/partner/story/0,9885,585086,00.html ] Legionnaires' Disease. In 1976, at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania chapter of the American Legion held their state conference. At this conference, 34 atendees died, and 221 fell ill with an unknown ailment. The unknown ailment was caused by a new bacterium (dubbed the Legionella species to 'honor' the discoverers) Legionella pneumophila. The proper name (per the CDC) is Legionellosis. 5.3 North Tawton? Typhoid Fever. Both the site of recurring outbreaks of typhoid fever and the birthplace of William Budd, who wrote the piece "Typhoid Fever: Its nature, mode of spreading and prevention" (which you can read on the web). Budd rejected the contemporary "pythogenic theory" that stated that Typhoid came from putrescence in the vicinity of, say, sewers and the theory of spontaneous origin, arguing instead that it was infectious. And all of this, years before Pasteur. [ North Tawton was apparently one of the more celebrated foot-and-mouth cases this year. ? ] 5.4 Gruinard Island? Anthrax. Gruinard Island is off the coast of Scotland and popularly known as Anthrax Island following its seeding with anthrax by the Ministry of Defence in experiments. It is now declared clear, but it's not a popular place to visit... 5.5 the Isle of Sheppey? Malaria. The last major outbreak of Malaria in England's Kent marshes occured in Queensborough on the Isle of Sheppey during the First World War. Soldiers who had served in Macedonia brought the disease back from Macedonia. Mosquitos picked it up from them and spread it to the local population. A total of thirty-two people were infected with the disease over a period of several years. 5.6 the barque Hecla at Swansea? Yellow Fever. The Hecla was the ship which carried yellow fever back from the tropics to Swansea, a major British port. Sailors left the ship when it berthed and spread yellow fever in the town. This 1865 outbreak was the first and only time yellow fever reached the British mainland. Fifteen people died. 5.7 Cambridge Assizes? Typhus. The outbreak of typhus at the Cambridge Assizes in 1522 gave rise to the name "the Black Assizes". 5.8 a pump in EC2? Cholera. In 1849, by examining maps of cholera cases, Dr John Snow found all affected houses were closer to the Bow Street water-pump than any other pump. Except one. Upon investigation, it emerged that that house preferred the taste of water from that pump and made special effort to get it. This demonstrated the water-bourne spread of cholera. Snow is said to have removed the handle at this stage to prove it. Bow Street is in the London postal district of EC2. Also Victorian period. 5.9 Rochdale? Rochdale appears to have been afflicted, at one time or another, with every single infectious disease known to man. This is all from Simon: As Telsa rightfully 5.9 turned out to be a really hard one. After substantial googling I've been unable to come up with an infectious disease clearly associated with Rochdale. I've also been unable to find any epidemics to have started in Rochdale. Anyway, here's what I've been able to come up with: Polio ----- Two cases of Polio in 1976 - http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:_hEKyTueO5I:www.boltoneveningnews.co.uk/lancashire/bury/news/BURYLOOK0.html+rochdale+polio&hl=en Black Plague ------------ "Aikin, in his 'History of Manchester,' mentions a direful pestilence which afflicted that town about the year 1645. A pestilence called the 'Black Plague' raged in the parish of ROCHDALE about the same time. 'The whole district being filled with dismay, none dared from the country to approach the town for fear of catching the contagious disease; therefore, to remedy as much as possible the lack of contact between the country and the town's people, the then proprietor of great Howarth directed that a cross be raised on a certain part of his estate, near to the Black Lane End, at Smallbridge, for the purpose of holding a temporary market during the continuance of the plague ' Thence originated 'Howarth Cross,' so named to this day." -- source: http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:A-cmQ3N650o:www.lancashire.vg/rochdalehalls.htm+smallbridge+disease&hl=en Telsa wondered if perhaps Rochdale was hit by the Bubonic Plague and Eyam the pneumonic plague or the other way round. Further googling learned that Eyam (question 5.1) was hit by the Bubonic plague. However I was unable to find out which plague Rochdale was hit by and whether Rochdale was the first to be hit. Further information on the plague can be found here: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/society_economy/society/welfare/blackdeath/blackdisease_5.shtml It might be worthwhile to put that link in the answer of question 5.1, because it's quite informative. "Pneumonic plague was spread by sneezing and bubonic plague by flea bites." -- source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/medicine/nonint/middle/dt/madtcs1.shtml Typhus ------ "James Kay was born in ROCHDALE on 20th July, 1824. At the age of twenty-one he entered Edinburgh University to study medicine. While he student he worked with local doctors during a typhus epidemic." -- source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PHkay.htm Cholera ------- Rochdale was also hit by the 1849 Cholera outbreak, but the outbreak started in Westfield. None of the above disease are extraordinarily linked to Rochdale neither did they start in Rochdale. So I don't think any of the above is the answer. Finally, I've ran into this: "In 1807, two ships, the 'Rochdale' and the 'Prince of Wales' perished off the coast of Monkstown, with a combined loss of 400 lives." -- source: http://www.clubi.ie/Monkstown/monks5.htm So perhaps the question isn't referring to Rochdale the town/city but rather Rochdale the ship. This however was the only reference to the ship called Rochdale I could find. And it doesn't seem like they died of an infectious disease. Furthermore, Rochdale is occasionally associated with asbestosis due to the cloth industry as Telsa already mentioned. Again this is not an infectious disease. Anyway, telsa suggested: mbit: I think we should wrap uop all the possibilities and list them all, with "what kind of a question is this?" :) Lastly, I've send an email to a random citizen of Rochdale in a last attempt to find a definite answer, but I haven't received a reply yet. Regards, Simon Weijgers PS: Hints for further searching: - Rochdale, the ship - Animal infectious diseases. There are quite a few recent mentionings of Rochdale in the Foot and Mouth epidemic. Though I have been unable to find out what the exact place of outbreak of the last Foot and Mouth epidemic was. - At least one citizen of Rochdale died of Creutzfelt Jacob disease, but this wasn't the first CJD death, also it's not an infectious disease. - A BSE/CJD conference was held in Rochdale some years ago, I lost the URL. - Lateral Thinking : Creativity Step-By-Step by Edward De Bono might proof to be a must have to find the answer to this question ;) http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0060903252 PSS: I'm giving up on this question btw ;) Additionally, it appears that there was a parliamentary report on an outbreak of "lunacy" in Rochdale. Finally, Rochdale appears to be the name of a particular type of bacterium: http://www.cotse.com/wordlists/bacteria If there are any surviving residents in Rochdale at this point, perhaps they can come to our aid? 5.10 Worksop? Polio. The first modern recorded outbreak of Polio was in 1835 in Worksop, in north Nottinghamshire by John Badham. Four cases were documented. However, polio outbreaks had been documented all the way back to the ancient Egyptians. [ Worksop apparently had an outbreak of Legionnaire's disease this year? ] 6 Which Nobel laureate: ======================= 6.1 shared with his son? William Henry Bragg. In 1915, William Henry Bragg (b. 1862) and William Lawrence Bragg (b. 1890) accepted the nobel prize for Physics. The self-named effect they discovered is one of the most fundamental methods for probing crystal structures for their lattice structures. The duo Bragg had taken the entirely novel step of using X-ray spectroscopy to investigate crystal structure. The elder Bragg wanted to use the technique to discover more about X-rays. The younger wanted to find out about crystalline structure through it. The classic diagram in science lessons of a salt molecule having regularly-spaced and separated Na+ and Cl- ions is a result of the Braggs' work. 6.2 felt it was Best to share? Frederick Grant Banting. Banting and his assistant, Best, worked in the lab of Macleod. They removed pancreases from dogs, making them diabetic. They then treated the dogs with ground-up material from part of the pancreas and the dogs got better (well, "failed to die so fast", really). Whilst the link between "something produced by the pancreas" and "the sugar disease" had been known, the details had not been known. Macleod set his assistant to purify the active substance from the pancreas, and successfully treated a 14-year-old diabetic boy with the resulting insulin. The Nobel was awarded to Banting and Macleod; and Banting announced he was sharing his portion of the prize with Best (Macleod split his with his assistant). 6.3 experimented with maize? Barbara McClintock. Barbara McClintock, 1983 Nobel Prizy in biology. When she conducted breeding experiments with Indian corn (maize), she noticed that some kernel colors deviated inexplicably from the rules of genetics established by Gregor Mendel. She correctly attributed the aberrations to migrating genes in the 1940's. She was finally vindicated in the 1970's when other scientists saw the wayward genes that she had predicted. Her discovery is considered, in terms of importance for the study of genetics, second only to the discovery of the Double Helix structure of DNA. 6.4 received two awards for Chemistry? Frederic Sanger. Known for his work on the chemical structure of the protein insulin, Sanger received the nobel prize in Chemistry in 1958 (structure of proteins, particularly insulin) and 1980 (determination of base sequences in nucleic acids). 6.5 immediately followed another laureate as Master? Andrew Huxley. Andrew Huxley won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963 for his work on how ions interacted with nerve cell membranes. He shared the award with Sir John Carew Eccles and Alan Lloyd Hodgkin. Hodgkin became Master of Trinity College in 1978, and was "followed" by Huxley in 1984. 6.6 investigated the antibacterial properties of carpet dyes? Gerhardt Domagk. Domagk worked for the German chemical company I G Farbenindustrie (Farben) investigating their dyes for medical properties. A new orange-red dye was found to be antibacterial in 1932, although Domagk only published his results in 1935. The dye would be metabolized in the body to produce sulfanilamide, which is the active agent in this particular "sulfa drug." Other sulfa drugs are derivatives of sulfanilamide. Sulfanilamide and its derivatives work by mimicing para-aminobenzoic acid, which is an intermediate in folic acid production, which is necessary for some bacteria to grow. Also, sulfa drugs are toxic under certain conditions, and hence have been replaced by penicillin (which was discovered later), but are still popular in certain areas of the world due to their low cost of manfacturing. Domagk was awarded the Nobel prize in 1939, but the German government would not let him accept it at the time; he received it after the war nevertheless. 6.7 carried out cardiac self-catheterisation? Werner Forssman. Medically a catheter is a flexible tube introduced into a space in the body. It was not thought safe to pass a catheter through the blood vessels as far as the human heart until Werner Forssman did just that in 1929, inserting a catheter into his arm and extending it as far as the right atrium. By all accounts it was dramatic. He has variously been said to have persuaded a nurse to help him by being his volunteer and then doing it to himself whilst she was lying on the operating table; to have tied his assistant up to prevent his intervention; and to have encountered an outraged staff member in the X-ray room who tried to pull the catheter out as he tried to take the X-rays to prove the feat! The experiment was not well-received and despite demonstrating that X-rays taken whist dye was introduced through the catheter could reveal the heart's action, Forssman's findings were largely ignored for years, eventually being taken up and refined by Cournand and Richards. In 1956 all three shared the Nobel prize for medicine as a result. 6.8 started as Manya Sklodowska? Marie Curie. Born Manya Sklodowska in Warsaw, Marie Curie shared the prize for physics in 1903 with her husband and was awarded a second Nobel for chemistry in 1911. She studied at the Sorbonne in Paris and married Pierre Curie there, with whom she worked until his early death. The first award was for the Curies' research into the spontaneous radiation discovered by Becquerel (also awarded a Nobel) and the second for her work discovering radium and polonium and isolating and investigating radium. 6.9 studied canine salivation? Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. Interestingly, Pavlov earned a nobel for his work on the "physiology of digestion", but these days he is more commonly encountered in psychology courses for his work on conditioned reflexes in which physiological processes aspect could be affected by the nervous system. He worked for many years in the area, directing the Department of Physiology at the Institute of Experimental Medicine for 45 years. 6.10 studied sticklebacks? Nikolaas Tinbergen. Another "taught in psychology not medicine" one here: Tinbergen, Lorenz and von Frisch were ethologists: animal behaviourists. Lorenz is famous for his work on imprinting in ducks; von Frisch described the different dances of bees (see 1.10); and Tinbergen primarily worked on sticklebacks and mechanisms which trigger specific behaviour in them: for example the aggressive response of the male to the colour red, whether the red of other males or the red of a model stickleback. All three were awarded the Nobel in 1973 for their work. 7 Beneath the surface, what is: (Living things in water) ======================================================== 7.1 a rod? Perch. As a part of the simple and intuitive imperial measurements which we threw out for the "much too complicated" metric system, a rod was a unit of length and also known as a pole or.. a perch. A perch is also a carniverous fresh water fish known to some in scientific communities as Perca fluviatilis. 7.2 a weapon? Pike. A pike is a polearm which can be immensely long. It is also Esox lucius, a famous predator which lurks in lakes and slow rivers and is immortalised in Ted Hughes' poem. An interesting alternative is that the electric ray (Torpedo nobiliana) is also known as a "torpedo." 7.3 good on ice? Skate. Of genus Rajidae, a Skate is a type of ray. It is a flat gray creature which can reach seven feet in length, though most are smaller. They have long thin tails which look like tails of normal fish. And a skate is also shorthand for an ice skate. 7.4 a light touch? Dab. A dab is a light touch; it's also sandy bottom-feeding flat fish related to a flounder, but a bit smaller (Limanda limanda). For more information on dabs: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.cfm?genusname=Limanda&speciesname=limanda 7.5 the one and only? Sole. This flat, oval bottomdweller (Solea solea) is born with eyes on both sides of its head. As it matures, an eye wanders placing both of them on the upper side of its head. 7.6 one of Burton's best? Bass. The ubiquitously-exported Bass beer is brewed in Burton, UK. Bass is also the fish Dicentrarchus labrax. 7.7 a pintle partner? Gudgeon. Gobio gobio. Gudgeons are a bottom dwelling fish common to rapid flowing streams in England, Wales, and Ireland. Gudgeons are very small fish; the Scottish angling record is apparently 4oz. A pintle is a hinge pin; a gudgeon is the thing it drops into. For more information on gudgeons: http://www.waterland.net/visschenwinkel/gudgeon.htm 7.8 a dusty digit? Miller's Thumb. The cottus bairdii, or Miller's thumb, is a common American and European fish, part of the sculpin family and having large pectoral fins. As a result it is also known as the freshwater flying fish, as well as Northern Muddler. 7.9 a butterfly? Grayling. A grayling is both a butterfly and a British freshwater fish (Thymallus thymallus), found in the southeast and midlands of England. The butterfly: http://www.somerset.gov.uk/papillon/grayling.jpg The fish: http://www.greatalaska.com/gaf/grayling.jpg 7.10 a cleaner? Char. "Char" is a word for the "daily" or daily cleaner, and is also a rather rare fish in Britain (Salvelinus alpinus), confined to a few Welsh, Scottish and Lakeland locations. The fish has a bright red belly (hence its Welsh appelation, we presume: it's red-something, at least!) but we do not know any cleaners with similar scarlet stomachs. For more information on the fish: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.cfm?genusname=Salvelinus&speciesname=alpinus 8 Who or what: (Hams) ===================== 8.1 was stabbed by Felton? Duke of BuckingHAM. Whilst Dumas' _The_Three_Musketeers_ is a work of fiction, many of the events and characters are historically-attested: the assassination of the Duke of Buckingham by one John Felton is one such example, although the involvement of arch-villainess Milady de Winter is not :-). 8.2 repealed the Stamp Act? Charles Watson-Wentwork, 2nd Marquess of RockingHAM. The Stamp Act imposed tax on all paper used in the colonies. It was not popular, and was repealed in 1766 by the government under the Whig Prime Minister Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham. Apparently, this gave the colonists the idea that unrest got results! 8.3 revealed the Babington Plot? Sir Francis WalsingHAM. Mary Queen of Scots was a political embarrassment to her captor/host, Queen Elizabeth. Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth's Secretary of State, was also her spymaster. He penetrated the Babington Plot (to rescue Mary and put her on the English throne) and used his knowledge of the code they were using to add leading and incriminating questions to the letters passing between conspirators -- questions which they dutifully answered. This is covered in Simon Singh's _The_Code_Book_ among others. 8.4 is renowned for bikes, boots and players? NottingHAM. The Raleigh Cycle Company was formed in 1888 by a financier called Frank Bowden. He decided to take up cycling to improve his health and went to Raleigh Street in Nottingham to buy one. He found 12 men in a workshop making three bikes a week. He bought the company, and now Raleigh makes over a million cycles a year. John Player and Sons, Ltd. Part of the Imperial Tobacco Group plc now. Best known for their collectible cigarette cards, some of which fetch very high prices at auction. John Boot opened a herbalist shop in Nottingham's Goose Gate in 1849. In 1871 his son Jesse Boot and his widowed mother took over the running, with Jesse taking control in 1877. Boot and Co, Ltd was formed in 1883 and after another name change the first shop was opened in 1892. They are now a huge global company with shops worldwide. 8.5 are northern representatives of Bos taurus? ChillingHAM. Bos taurus indicates a species of cattle. Alas, there are many. A British variety which is probably north of the Isle of Man is the Wild White Cattle of Chillingham, one of the largest truly wild animals we have. They are wild and they are shaggy and they are white. They are also very distinct from domesticated cattle. [ Bryan Hopkinson suggests that a Durham is a better-known ox and quite Northern even if you live in the Isle of Man. Also see: http://www.encyclopedia.com/articlesnew/42873.html ] 8.6 plain-woven cotton fabric is typically checked? GingHAM. Originally made completely from cotton fibres, Gingham is a yarn-dyed fabric whose pattern and colour comes from "carded" or combed yarns. The word traces its etymological origins to the Malay word "genggang," meaning "striped." 8.7 was purchased from Mr Spencer Cowper? SandringHAM or Sant DersingHAM. A Mr. Motteux owned Sandringham Estate, and willed it to Mr. Spencer Cowper. Cowper subsequently sold the estate to the British Royal family in 1862, after negotiations with Lord Palmerston. It was purchased for Prince Edward VII and his new wife Princess Alexandra. It is notable because it, unlike Windsor Castle and other better known royal residences, is owned by the royal family and not the crown. 8.8 hybrids are reared at Maple Tree Farm? GressingHAM ducks. Bred from mallards 25 years ago and now bred in Suffolk at the eponymous farm, these ducks are apparently quite tasty. 8.9 created Albert Campion? Margaret AllingHAM. Born May 20th, 1904, Margaret Allingham was a popular British detective-story writer who created the detective-hero Albert Campion. Her first and perhaps most famous book was _The Crime at Black Dudley_, which was published in 1928. 8.10 shot the Prime Minister? John BellingHAM. On May 11th, 1812, British Prime Minister Spenser Percival was shot dead by an assassin, John Bellingham, just as he was entering the House of Commons. Bellingham was insane, but was executed within the week following the assassination. The creepy thing is this: a man named John Williams, who was nowhere near the event and had heard no mention of it yet envisioned the entire event the evening after the assassination, before news had reached most of the country. His vision was so detailed, that when he visited the House of Commons several weeks later, he was able to describe the clothing and the exact positioning of the assassin and the Prime Minister when the event took place. 9 Who or what: (Blue things) ============================ 9.1 was Jonathan Buttall? The Blue Boy. Jonathan Buttall is the subject of Gainsborough's painting "The Blue Boy." The Blue Boy hangs at the Huntingdon Gallery and was painted around 1770 by Thomas Gainsborough. Gainsborough is better known for his landscapes but found time for a great many portraits too. Its style is possibly an homage to Van Dyck, whom Gainsborough is known to have admired. Even Buttall's clothing is appropriately anachronistic to the van Dyck period. Buttall was the son of a friend of the artist and subsequently lived in London. A picture of the portrait is available here: http://www.huntington.org/ArtDiv/BlueBoyPict.html And more information is here: http://www.huntington.org/ArtDiv/HuntingGall.html 9.2 is the Lone Star's flower? Bluebonnet Texas, also known as the Lone Star State, chose Lupinus Texensis, more commonly known as the Bluebonnet, to be its state flower in 1901. A photograph of the flower is available here: http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/fa03/fa03089.jpg 9.3 brought scholarship to Horsham? The Bluecoat School. Christ's Hospital, aka "the Bluecoat School," moved from London to Horsham, West Sussex in 1902. It is apparently the only one of the original bluecoat schools to still require traditional dress. Here are some interesting pictures of bluecoat students, past and present: http://home.freeuk.com/mkb/SUG/Blcoat.htm Note also that "scholarship" in the question may refer not only to learning and study, but also to financial assistance, as Christ's Hospital is a charitable institution apparently originally set up by Edward VI to care for the children of the homeless and poor in London. 9.4 did Mrs Peterson find in a goose's crop? The Blue Carbuncle. The Countess of Morcar's blue carbuncle was taken by James Ryder and fed to a goose for safe-keeping (what was he thinking?); the goose then ended up on the table of Sherlock Holmes' commissionnaire through a chain of mischances recounted in "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle." 9.5 is Derbyshire's rare form of calcium fluoride? Blue John. The mineral is completely unique, though not terribly hard. It's mined in caverns very close to the small town of Castleton, which is probably not coincidentally on the very border of the so-called dark and white peak (gritstone rock meets limestone). The name is a corruption of the French Bleu-Jaune (blue-yellow) which are the colours in it. 9.6 executed George Dixon, only for him to be resurrected on the small screen? "The Blue Lamp." The film "The Blue Lamp" featured the death of the policeman George Dixon, who later became the subject of a long-running series on the television, "Dixon of Dock Green." 9.7 links Sheffield Park and East Grinstead? Bluebell Railway. The Bluebell Railway is a volunteer-run preserved steam railway in Sussex; the ends of the line are Sheffield Park and East Grinstead. The Bluebell railway is so-called because the guard would stop the train to allow passengers to pick bluebells. 9.8 was developed by Diebach in 1704? Prussian Blue. Natural blue dyes are few in number, and fade under sunlight. Prussian blue -- dangerous to produce for its cyanide group -- was the first blue dye not to fade under the sun. It has also been used in some paints. 9.9 signals impending departure? Blue Peter. The Blue Peter is a blue flag with a white square at the centre: when flown on its own in port it means all hands should return to the ship as it is about to sail. 9.10 recalls Sultan Ahmet I? Blue Mosque. The Blue Mosque of Istanbul was built in the 17th century on the orders of Sultan Ahmet I and still bears his name. Here is a photo of the mosque: http://www.islamicity.com/Culture/MOSQUES/Europe/TMp145a.htm 10 What is: (Barnyard animals) ============================== 10.1 Duroc? Hog. Duroc, Landrace, Hampshire, Yorkshire are all different breeds of hogs. Duroc is known for good feed efficiency, their red colour, and large litters. They are commonly used in crossbreeding programs. 10.2 Marans? Chicken. Marans take their name from the town of Marans in France. Known for laying very dark brown eggs, a distinctive colour dissimilar from that of all other chicken breeds. 10.3 Kuvasz? Dog. A Kuvasz is a breed of large, sturdily-built dogs with white hair. They are known for being extremely obedient good family dogs. A photo of a Kuvasz is available here: http://doghome.hypermart.net/Breed/Working/Kuvasz.gif 10.4 Chianina? Cow. Chianina is the largest breed of cow, weighing between 1700 and 2400 pounds (770-1100kg). A bull Chianina can weigh 3000 pounds (1360kg) with a record of 4300 pounds (1950kg). Most Chianinas are white, with black nose and hooves. 10.5 Percheron? Horse. The origins of this breed of horse are not clear, although it is believed that Percherons originate in Normandy, France. These short-backed, strong horses served as cavalry carriers in battle. Percherons are typically gray or black. 10.6 Beltsville? Turkey. Product of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, a small white turkey with much breast meat. The plot thickens though: it is possible they no longer exist in a pure form according to the Society for the Preservation of Poultry Antiquities: http://cyborganic.com/People/feathersite/Poultry/Turkeys/BRKBeltsville.html 10.7 Loaghtan? Sheep. Loaghtan sheep are found (only?) on the Isle of Man. They is brown, with two, four or six horns, and are descended from ancient breeds of sheep. They are said to have existed on the island for over a thousand years. 10.8 Embden? Goose. Here's a URL with some photos of embden geese: http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/poultry/geese/embden/ 10.9 Saanen? Goat. Saanen goats are white goats from Switzerland and kept for their milk, which they produce in quantity. 10.10 Pekin? Duck. Pekin ducks are classified as heavy ducks, as are most ducks bred for eating. They were introduced to both Britain and the US from China in Victorian times. 11 (Sherries) ============= 11.1 who produces La Gitana? Vinicola Hidalgo. La Gitana ("The Gypsy") is a famous spanish dry manzazilla sherry manufactured by Vinicola Hidalgo. It is served chilled, with a meal or with tapas or simply by itself. 11.2 with what was Findlater's Dry Fly illustrated? A sherry spinner. Findlater's Dry Fly sherry is illustrated with a fly fishing hook called a sherry spinner. Here's the picture of the bottle: http://web.ukonline.co.uk/members/chris.r7/images/r0013005.jpg And here's what a sherry spinner looks like: http://www.carlsons.co.uk/shop/images/fly/dry/sherry_spinner.htm 11.3 who, rather tactlessly, remind their hosts of 1588? Sandeman's Armada Rich Cream. The Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588 and were first held off then the English fleet and then hugely battered by storms which drove them onto the rocks as they tried to retreat to Spain. Sandeman's (www.sandeman.com) are a sherry company begun by a Scottish family which has bodegas (where the fermentation is performed as well as being an outlet for selling it) in Spain. Presumably Armada sherry is sold from their bodegas in Spain. Ouch. 11.4 what accompanies post-prandial jollity in Barataria? Xeres and Manzazilla. This is from Gilbert and Sullivan's "The Gondoliers, or, the King of Barataria:" Giu: Thanks very much; and, ladies, what do you say to a dance? Tess: A banquet and a dance! O, it's too much happiness! Dance a cachacucha, fandango, bolero, Xeres we'll drink - Manzanilla, Montero - Wine, when it runs in abundance, enhances The reckless delight of that wildest of dances! 11.5 which pale dry creation can be interpreted as Uncle Joe? Tio Pepe. Made by Gonzalez Byass in Jerez, this is a fino dry sherry, aged for about 5 years. 11.6 who obtains Pata de Gallina from the almacenista, Jarana? His friends, family and business associates. Lustan Almacenista Oloroso Pata de Gallina is a sherry produced by Juan Garcia Jarama of Jerez de la Frontera. Making wine is a hobby for him and thus the wine is mostly given as gifts to business associates, family and friends. For more information: http://www.emilio-lustau.com/almacen.html 11.7 what are Macharnudo, Carrascal, Balbaina and Anina? "Pagos", areas of the Jerez sherry-making region. There are lots of vineyards in the Jerez region associated with sherry. Whilst they share a general common climate and soils (a white chalky soil called albariza soil being particularly important), they can be further broken down into districts called "pagos" with similar attributes. These are four of the best-known. 11.8 which great house was founded by Patrick Murphy? House of Domecq. In 1725 an Irish farmer named Patrick Murphy got fed up and moved to Jerez, Spain. There, with partner Don Pedro Domecq Lembeye, rose the great wine house of Domecq. 11.9 whose amontillado recalls Florizel and Perdita? Williams and Humbert. Florizel and Perdita are characters in Shakespeare's "A Winter's Tale." There is also an amontillado by this same name, created by Williams and Humbert. More information can be found here: http://www.williams-humbert.com/winter.htm 11.10 what is abbreviated as PX? Pedro Ximinez. A particular type of grape used in some Spanish sherries. It is known for its sweetness: this is partly due to the grape itself and partly to the longer time it is left to dry in the sun before fermentation. 12 Who or what: (Victorias) =========================== 12.1 is self-fertile? Victoria Plum. Plum (and other fruit) trees are either self-fertile or need a second variety of tree to provide pollen for fertilisation (self-sterile). Most garden varieties tend to be self-fertile, in that they can use their own pollen to grow new seeds. Common varieties of garden plum trees which are self-fertile (and suitable for small gardens or patios) include Opal, Bluetit, Denniston's Superb, Early Transparent Gage, Ontario, Victoria and Severn Cross. 12.2 comes from Sebastopol booty? Victoria Cross. The Victoria Cross is an award for exceptional valour open to all ranks (this was a first at the time: prior awards tended to be for officers). It was founded in 1856 and the medals given out were made from the metal of guns captured in the Siege of Sebastopol during the Crimean War. 12.3 has produced an aviation manual? Victoria Beckham. In September of 20001, ex-Spice girl Victoria Beckham, formerly known as Posh Spice, released an autbiography titled _Learning to Fly_. 12.4 was Freeman's great African traverse? Victoria Falls Bridge. Sir Ralph Freeman was the designer of the railway bridge at Victoria Falls. It was one of the first bridges he built in a long career, which included the Tyne Bridge in Newcastle and his most well-known accomplishment, the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The Victoria Falls bridge was completed in April 1905, after being built in two sections from each bank. The intense heat caused some problems in joining the two, as the metal had expanded and it wasn't until 6am in the morning of April 1st that it cooled enough for the join to be made. The bridge was commissioned in 1900 by Sir Cecil Rhodes, who lived to see neither the completino of the bridge nor people bungee-jumping off it. More information about the history of the bridge can be found here: http://cgee.hamline.edu/rivers/MA2001/MA2000/Guests/archive/keen2.html 12.5 started as Deutschland and finished as Hansa? Victoria Luise (A boat first named Deutschland, then Victoria Luise, then Hansa) 12.6 accommodated female compositors in Great Coram Street? Victoria Press. From Telsa: Victoria Press seems to have been an all-female endeavour who quartered its compositors in this London road. This sounds like a really interesting story: will look for more! 12.7 found the cathedral cold, dreary and dingy? Queen Victoria. Queen Victoria visited St Paul's Cathedral in 1872. She complained that she found it "dark, dingy and undevotional." Mosaics decorating the dome of St Paul's were subsequently added. 12.8 was celebrated this year on May 21? Victoria Day. This Canadian Holiday, celebrated on the last Monday before May 25th, honors the birthday of Queen Victoria. 12.9 failed, tragically, to reach Larne? The Princess Victoria. The Princess Victoria was a steamer which sank en route to Larne with great loss of life in 1953 in the "Great Storm" of January 31st/ February 1st. There is a memorial to the ship on the sea front of Larne, which is in County Antrim. 12.10 began as Gomez Cima? Victoria de los Angeles. Born Victoria Gomez Cima in 1923, she took the stage name to better represent her gifts. A Spanish soprano, she sang a wide number of operatic roles. She made her U.S. debut at the Metropolitan Opera in New York in 1950. 13 Uncover (code names for agents during WWII) ============================================== 13.1 Tate Wulf Schmidt, alias Harry Williamson. Like Snow, Tate was one of the Double Cross agents recruited by MI5 and held in the now famous XX (or Twenty) facility during World War II. He was a German spy from Shleswig-Holstein who parachuted into Cambridgeshire in September of 1940. For more information: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwtwo/spying/sis_01.shtml etc. 13.2 Hero Colonel Oleg Vladimirovich Penkovsky - GRU. Run jointly by the CIA and British SIS (1961-1962), Penkovsky provided the SAM missile site construction plans which allowed US analysts to positively identify the installations in Cuba as designed to guard nuclear missiles due to their unique construction (like a Star of David). Tried and executed after his arrest by the KGB. From Nigel: Oleg Penkovsky was not a double agent, and did not commence spying until more than ten years after the end of teh Second World War. 13.3 Garbo Juan Pujol Garcia. A Spaniard known to the Abwehr as Arabel, Garbo was one of the most prolific double agents, convincing Germany he had an entire large network of spies working for him in England, and extracting genorous payment for same. He was decorated by both the British and the Nazis. For further information: http://www.randomhouse.com/features/spybook/spy/961204.html 13.4 Cicero Elyesa Bazna. Cicero was a valet to Sir Hughe Knatchbull-Hugessen, the wartime British Ambassador in Ankara. He sold the contents of his master's safe to the Nazis between October 1943 and April 1944. A book titled _The Cicero Spy Affair_ was written about him. For further information: http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/aia/cyberspokesman/99-08/history1.htm 13.5 Tramp William Sebold. "Tramp" was a German who naturalized American and returned to the United States on a U-boat to betray the other members of his team. For further information: http://news.screaminglemur.com/stories/20010706spy.htm 13.6 Tricycle Dusan "Dusko" Popov. A wealthy Yugoslav from Dubrovnik who was recruited by the Abwehr and volunteered to become an MI5 double anget. Codenamed thus for his entrapment with sexual threesomes. For further information: http://college.nytimes.com//books/00/04/30/reviews/000430.30naftalt.html 13.7 Sniper Lieutenant Colonel Michal Goleniewski, Polish Military Counter Intelligence. [ This one is unique since he was not a Second World War spy, nor even a double agent. ] Born August 22th, 1922, Goleniewski became a KGB agent somewhere before or during the second World War. Goleniewski was a Deputy Chief of PMCI until 1958, and took part in tracking German ex-officers in Poland from WWII, especially between 1948 and 1952. He provided information to the Berlin Ops Base (BOB) under the name Heckenshuetze ("Sharp shooter" or "Sniper" in German), revealing two Soviet spies to them (Georke Blake and Heinz Felfe). In 1961 Goleniewski was the director of the scientific-technical branch of the Polish foreign intelligence service. During all the years he also acted as the KGB agent up and until moving to the United States in May of 1961. There he assisted the CIA in allegedly identifying as many as 60 Soviet agents and intelligence officers in addition to numerous Polish agents and officers. In 1971, Goleniewski claimed to be Alexei Romanov, the son and heir of Czar Nicholas 2nd. This was not possible because of the age problem, Alexei had already been born in 1904, even othervise Goleniewski was well informed about matters related to Alexei. Also the whole background of his made the claim impossible. Somewhere during this episode his ties to CIA were broken, apparently claimed by "mental issues." Relation to the British intelligence comes somewhere from the 1950's and 1960's during which he had revealed two spies acting in Britain (Harry Houghton and George Blake) to MI5. He only revealed his true identity when he turned up in Berlin to defect with his girlfriend. 13.8 Artist Johann Jebsen. Artist was an Abwehr officer who was handler to Dusan Popov (Tricycle) in Lisbon. 13.9 Sonia Ursula Beurton, nee Kuczynski, alias Ruth Werner. Sonia was a Soviet GRU agent who operated in Shanghai and Switzerland before arriving in Oxford to run atomic secrets spy Klaus Fuchs. She was renowned for her sexual espionage. For further information: http://faculty.ncwc.edu/toconnor/392/spy/sex.htm 13.10 Snow Arthur Owens. Born "Arthur Owen," (by his birth certificate), a Welsh electrical engineer and prewar proprietor of the Owen Battery company, Snow was the original MI5 double agent. He posed as a Welsh nationalist and operated for the Abwehr but was imprisoned at Dartmoor. For further information: http://www.utexas.edu/admin/opa/discovery/disc1997v14n2/disc-deception.html http://www.pro.gov.uk/releases/july2001/secser1a.htm 14 Which Old Testament Book: ============================ 14.1 is The Preacher? Ecclesiastes. The author refers to himself as the Preacher several times throughout the first and final chapters. The first verse of the book (KJV) is: The words of the Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem. 14.2 inspired Browning? Deuteronomy. From Telsa: We need sight of the poem really, and I can't find a copy, but Browing wrote "Pisgah Sights". Pisgah is the mountain from which Moses saw the Promised Land (Deuteronomy chapter 34, verse 1). 14.3 cost Robert Barker a fine of £300? Exodus. In 1631, Robert Barker, printer to Queen Elizabeth I, King James I, and King Charles I printed an edition of the KJV which omitted a "not" from the Seventh Commandment in Exodus 20:14, creating "Thou shalt commit adultery." Whoops. The entire printing had to be recalled and Mr. Barker was fined £300 (which it's not entirely clear he paid). 14.4 other than Genesis, inspired Marriott Edgar? Jonah. Whoever wants to write a gloss, there's a poem by Marriot Edgar called "Jonah and the Grampus," here's a url: http://www.btinternet.com/~p.wilkinson2000/Jonah_and_Grampus.htm 14.5 was the last in the 1988 Tyndale House Paraphrase? [ We need a table of contents of the original 1988 LASB(TLB) to answer the question. ] This is from Peter: Tyndale House is an American Publisher of Bibles, founded in 1962 by Kenneth Taylor. Taylor wrote _The Living Bible_ which is a paraphrase, rather than a translation. In 1988, Tyndale House published the first edition of the _Life Application Study Bible_, based on the TLB paraphrase. Subsequent editions have been published based on other translations and paraphrases, including NIV, KJV, NKJV, and NLT (New Living Translation). Tyndale House Publishers has a website at http://www.tyndale.com. This is from Elliot: pzb called up Tyndale, they said the order of the books in their 1988 edition was nothing special, which if true would make Malachi the answer. However, it seems odd that a question would have an "obvious" answer like this. Tyndale says the ISBN for this one is 0842325514, title on amazon is "Life Application Living Bible". The only way to find out for sure is to verify this by finding someone who has the book in hand. I also found an "Alphabetical Bible (The Living Bible)" (ISBN 0842326243) by Tyndale in 1988, which would meet the criteria of an obscure answer (the last OT book by alphabetical order being Zephaniah). The main question is whether "1988 Tyndale House Paraphrase" can refer to this edition, or whether it has to refer to the LALB above. Someone needs to track down the LALB at a library, check if it has unusual order, and if not, go for the alphabetical answer. 14.6 inspired the 6th Baron Byron to a lupine comparison? II Kings 35-36 reads: 35. And it came to pass that night, that the angel of the LORD went out, and smote in the camp of the Assyrians an hundred fourscore and five thousand: and when they arose early in the morning, behold, they were all dead corpses. 36 So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed, and went and returned, and dwlty at Ninevah. And this is from Byron's "The Destruction of Sennacherib": Like the leaves of the forest when Autumn hath blown, That host on the morrow lay withered and strown. For the Angel of Death spread his wings on the blast, And breathed in the face of the foe as he passed; And the eyes of the sleepers waxed deadly and chill, And their hearts but once heaved, and for ever grew still! The poem is better known for its first line, "The Assyrian came down like a wolf on the fold". Note also that this question foreshadows 14.8... 14.7 confused reptile and mammal in a 1950 publication? Clues from telsa: In (of all things) an Agatha Christie mystery, it is stated that "lo, the voice of the turtle is heard in the land" should correctly refer to the turtle-dove. But I'm not sure this helps us :) My best guest would be Leviathan changing its translation: but no guess on book or context. Some OT publications in 1950 found via google (so cheat cheat cheat) 1950 Book of Psalms, New Catholic version 1950 Dodd translation of the Holy Bible begins in the UK 1950 Basic English Edition, renders the KJ in basic English vocabulary of 850 words, plus 150 special Bible words; publisher: Dutton 1950 Dartmouth Bible New Catholic Bible sounds plausible? 14.8 has an identical chapter to II Kings 19? Isaiah 37. We need a gloss.. 14.9 possesses the longest verse? Esther. In the King James Version of the Bible, Esther 8:9 is 90 words long, making it the Bible's longest verse. 14.10 ends with a curse? Malachi. In the King James Version, Malachi iv:5-6 reads: 5 Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD: 6 And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse. And so ends "with a curse." You quizmakers think you're awfully cute, don't you? 15 Where: (Italian cities) ========================== 15.1 is Tacca's Porcellino? Florence. Pietro Tacca, around 1620, made a bronze cast of a Greek marble boar called Cinghiale. The original Porcellino (piglet) rests in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. 15.2 do slow toads creep out of damp corners? Pisa. The passage below is from Shelley's "Evening: Ponte a Mare, Pisa:" The sun is set; the swallows are asleep; The bats are flitting fast in the gray air; The slow soft toads out of damp corners creep, And evening's breath, wandering here and there Over the quivering surface of the stream, Walkes not one ripple from its summer dream. Ah, lovely hyperbaton. 15.3 did principle discovery precede a nudist's dash? Syracuse. As every schoolboy knows, sometime in the third century BC the residents of Syracuse were subjected to the sight of a naked and dripping Archimedes, streaking through the streets, shouting "Eureka! Eureka!" His discovery was allegedly employed to prove that a dishonest goldsmith had adulterated King Hieron II's crown with silver, since silver is more dense than gold and would therefore displace less water at the same mass. 15.4 does the town sit in the heat amid the mulberry trees? Amalfi. The following is the first verse of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem, "Amalfi:" Sweet the memory is to me Of a land beyond the sea, Where the waves and mountains meet, Where, amid her mulberry-trees Sits Amalfi in the heat, Bathing ever her white feet In the tideless summer seas. The entire poem can be found here: http://www.everypoet.com/archive/poetry/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow/longfellow_birds_of_passage_amalfi.htm 15.5 did a massacre start with the call to evensong on Easter Monday? Palermo. On Easter Monday in 1282, a rebellion broke out in Palermo, Sicily at the start of Vespers. The revolt quickly spread over the entire island, killing almost all the French in Sicily. The massacre is often called the "Sicilian Vespers." 15.6 does the Basilica honour the resurrection of three butchered and pickled boys? Bari. La Basilica di San Nicola in Puglia, southern Italy, is dedicated to St Nicholas. St Nicholas was the bishop of Myra and is better known as the original for Santa Claus. He is said to have resurrected three boys who had been murdered and pickled in brine. From Debra: This probably isn't as helpful, but I remember reading about the butchered and pickled boys (15.6) in a collection of Grimm's Fairy Tales. The story goes that St. Nicholas was travelling through Italy and stopped at an inn to eat and stay the night. The innkeeper has killed three boys and put them in a large vat of brine (for some reason I can't remember) and proceeds to serve their meat to St. Nick--who, being a saint, sees what the meat really is and revitalizes the three boys. 15.7 did Alessandro and Luigi produce a spicy wormwood concoction? Turin. Alessandro Martini and Luigi Rossi founded a company (Martini & Rossi) in 1863 to produce and sell Martini Vermouth. The location was chosen for access to the aromatic herbs and local white wine used in production. Wormwood flower is the distinctive ingrediant in all vermouths. Vermouth is today defined as a wine which has been infused with spices, herbs, flowers and bark. It has been made for centuries. The Romans and Greeks originally made it with the addition of wormwood, and drank it to cure intestinal worms. This led to its name, as the German for wormwood is wermut (pronounced vermoot). Martini and Rossi was originally formed in 1847 under the name of the Distilleria Nazionale da Spirito di Vino. Martini, Sola and Cia was formed in 1863 and it became Martini e Rossi in 1879. In 1992 they merged with Bacardi. [ These two paragraphs need to be reconciled a bit ] 15.8 was the subjugation completed with "Kiss me Kate"? Padua (Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew" was set in Padua. Petruchio spoke the words "Kiss me Kate" to Katharina in the final scene, at Luciento's house.) 15.9 was the jester the victim of Monterone's curse? Mantua. Giuseppe Verdi's opera, _Rigoletto_, is set in Mantua, Italy during the 16th century. The Count Monterone interrupts a party held by the Duke of Mantua, who has seduced the Count's daughter. The jester, Rigoletto, ridicules them and Monterone curses both Rigoletto and the Duke. 15.10 did the Fifth go ashore on the fifth? Reggio. On 5 November 1943, the 5th Canadian Armoured Division landed at Reggio, Italy as reinforcement to the 1st Canadian Infantry Division who initially landed there on 4 September. References: http://www3.sympatico.ca/chrjohnson/4pldg.htm http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/general/sub.cfm/history/secondwar/Canada2/ 16 Which twins: =============== 16.1 were called Dioscuri? Castor and Pollux. Castor and Polydeuces of Greek mythology were half-brothers and twins (yes, it's complicated) who sailed on the Argo with Jason to recover the Golden Fleece. On Castor's death, Polydeuces didn't want to be separated from him. Zeus placed them in the sky where they make up the constellation Gemini, the heavenly twins and were worshipped as the Dioscuri. To the Romans, Polydueces was known as Pollux. 16.2 catalogued the extremes? Ross and Norris McWhirter. The McWhirter brothers were the original compilers of the Guinness Book of World Records. 16.3 confusingly, employed twin brothers? Antipholus and Antipholus. Two twins, each called Antipholus, are characters in Shakespeare's "A Comedy of Errors." Two more twins, each called Dromio, are their servants. Hence the confusion. On, and by the way, the Reduced Shakespeare Company do a very funny summary of "all the comedies at once" which is a lot funnier than any of them individually, particularly this one. (Mind, their "Titus Andronicus" as a cookery show is funnier than most of the comedies, too.) 16.4 came to live with Mr Crisparkle at Cloisterham? Neville and Helena (from Charles Dickens' _Mystery of Edwin Drood_) 16.5 were left as babies in a foundling basket at a convent in Lima? Esteban and Manuel. Esteban and Manuel are twins in Thornton Wilder's _The Bridge of San Luis Rey_; they are left at the convent of Santa Maria de Las Rosas, at the front door. 16.6 born to the same mother by different fathers, were confronted by serpents in infancy? Heracles and Iphicles. Alcmene was the mother of both. Zeus was the father of Heracles. Amphitryon was the father of Iphicles. Hera, Zeus' wife, sent serpents to kill the children in their crib, but Heracles killed them. 16.7 were unaware that their father was Fergus Crampton? Dolly and Philip. Dolly and Philip are twins in George Bernard Shaw's play "You Never Can Tell," which is about kids suddenly meeting their father -- Fergus Crampton -- after not knowing about him for 18 years. 16.8 were the children of John Brooke and Meg March? Daisy and Demi (from Little Women) 16.9 were nourished by a woodpecker? Romulus and Remus. The twin founders of Rome were succored not only by wolves, but also by a woodpecker. 16.10 fixed Jack "The Hat"? The Krays. Ronnie and Reggie 'Costa Del Crime' Kray -- were gangsters in London's East End. Though they were well-known to police, no one would testify against them. Evetnually they were nailed due to their involvement in the death of Jack "The Hat". And here's an interesting link to some released British government documents on the Krays: http://www.pro.gov.uk/releases/oct2001/Kray1.htm 17 Which mutiny: ================ [ Some helpful mutinies: brief columbus mutiny, treasure island, Indian Mutiny, Riff rebellion ] 17.1 was led by Cinque? Amistad Africans. If someone wants to write a gloss, check here for info: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASamistad.htm 17.2 provided Joost Hartgers with a best-seller? Batavia Mutiny. We need a gloss for this. Here's where it was found: http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~mydive/page3.htm 17.3 resulted from inadequate safety regulations? Port Chicago Mutiny. Port Chicago, located in the San Francisco bay, was converted into a major munitions loading facility for the U.S. Navy shortly following the attack at Pearl Harbor. The U.S. Navy at this time was heavily segregated and this port employed some 1700 African-American munitions workers overseen by about 30 white officers who were also inexperienced with the physical munitions handling and largely ignored grievances made by the workers. On 17 July 1944, a large explosion killed 320 men (most of whom were black). The white officers injured in the explosion were given the customary leave, the black workers were not. Many surviving workers refused to work until the safety concerns were met. The U.S. Navy court-martialed 50 men they determined to be ring-leaders for mutiny, their sentences were later commuted by President Truman when the war was over. Link for more information: http://www.portchicagomutiny.com/ 17.4 was followed by suspension of the Gold Standard? Naval Mutiny at Invergordon. In 1931, Britain was entering a depression, influenced in large part by the financial crisis in Germany. At this delicate time, 12,000 members of the Royal Navy at Invergordon mutinied in objection to their pay cuts. The cuts were reviewed, but the mutiny was a major factor on international speculation against the pound and the government's eventual decision to devalue the pound and revoke the Gold Standard. 17.5 saw Barney Greenwald secure the acquittal of the mutineers? The Caine Mutiny. Barney Greenwald is the name of the character played by Jose Ferreras in this 1954 Humphrey Bogart film. 17.6 was pre-empted by Captain Mackenzie, who was later court-martialled? Somers Mutiny. We need a gloss, go here: http://www.inventwrite.com/novel.htm 17.7 was achieved with the assistance of convict passengers? Barwell Mutiny. From Amittai: http://www.emerge.net.au/~santarem/gray/stories/trial.html towards the middle, and also on http://edtech.nepean.uws.edu.au/wslh/Studentwork1998/mills_wallis/Barwell.htm " On the 20th August 1798 a Vice Admiralty Court was convened in Sydney to hear the testimony of witnesses to an incident which allegedly occured on the convict ship "Barwell". It was reported that a number of men on the ship had planned to mutiny and seize the ship during it's voyage to the colony. [...] It was alleged that George Bond colluded with other officers, and some convicts, to seize the ship at sea by removing planks from the bulkhead between the hospital and the convict quarters, thereby allowing the convicts access to the deck. " i didn't think the "christmas island" clue was right, as it wasn't that popular a desination, as most of the convicts headed elsewhere. my only problem with the barwell mutiny as an answer is that it failed to come off as the plot was foiled in time, whereas the question states "...was achieved..." 17.8 followed the collection of Artocarpus altilis? Mutiny on the Bounty. In Frank Lloyd's 1935 film, the Bounty sails to Tahiti to harvest breadfruit, also known as Artocarpus altilis. The first mate leads a mutiny because the captain is cruel to the sailors. 17.9 was a rebellion against Captain Hugh Pigot? From Dudley Pope's nonfiction book _The Black Ship_. The mutiny was to recapture the HMS Hermione. 17.10 was due to maggot-infested meat? Battleship Potemkin. In the early 1900s (anyone have an exact date?), the sailors on board the Battleship Potemkin became fed up (haha) with the maggot-infested meat they were served. They staged a succesful mutiny, which left the captain and his henchmen dead. 18 In 2001: =========== 18.1 how did IOW become HW? In September of 2001, British car registration (aka license plate) numbers switched to a new format. The Isle of Wight (IOW) originally had its own unique location designator "DL", but the new system would have lumped it into the HK-HZ designators of Hampshire. Local lawmakers successfully lobbied to reserve "HW" for cars on the IoW only. 18.2 to what was Zalyotin the last visitor? Mir. Russian Cosmonaut Sergey Viktorovich Zalyotin made the final visit to Mir in April, 2000. It wasn't till 2001 that the Russian gov't decided to scrap Mir, though. In April, 2000, Zalyotin would have become the most recent visitor to Mir, but it wasn't until the Russians disposed of Mir that he became the last visitor. 18.3 who has confirmed the limitations of banana movement? There was a trade war between the US and the EU which involved bananas. Potentially the WTO did the confirming? Someone could probably find the answer and gloss it here: http://www.bananalink.org.uk/trade_war/trade_war_main2.htm http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/trade/miti/dispute/bana_ecu.htm 18.4 which waterway has been "blinkered" by a revolutionary palpebra? The Tyne As well as the London Eye, which was our initial candidate, another Millenium Bridge was constructed. Since palpebral refers to eyelids rather than to eyes, this latter seems more likely. It spains the river Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead. It is known as the "winking bridge" due to its construction: it is a single arch. It can can be rotated to allow shipping through. If you have a lot of patience, you might catch it winking at: http://www.tynebridgewebcam.com/webcams.htm 18.5 where might pupils have found Mrs Beeton a safer option than the internet? Glenalmond College, Scotland. Pupils at this Scottish school found a recipe for ecstasy "on the internet". Having made it, they took the results, and were taken to hospital. All four were expelled. 18.6 which processed bovine organ seemed to be indistinguishable from its ovine equivalent? Brain. Scientists researching bovine spongiform encephalopathy found that for the last few years they had not been looking at sheep brains but at cow brains. 18.7 whose bagman compounded indifferent arithmetic with excessive somnolence? Ian Woosnam. In the final round of the British Open, Ian Woosnam's caddy, Myles Byrne, forgot to count the number of clubs in his bag, which resulted in him having one too many and earning a two stroke penalty. Two weeks later, Byrne failed to turn up for an early tee-time at the Scandinavian Open, and rumors circulated that he was hungover and slept in. He was promptly canned. 18.8 where would declining standards have saddened Robert Wodelarke? St Catherine's College, Cambridge. In 1473, Robert Wodelarke founded St. Catharine's Hall as a theology and philosophy college. In 2001, the Dean of St. Catharine's College (it changed to College in 1850) wrote an open letter to the student body deploring the behaviour of many of the students, following a Freshers' Week involving copious alcohol intake and consequent hospitalisation of some students. This came as the college slipped from 11th to 18th in a league table of Cambridge colleges, leaving it sixth from the bottom. Media reporters deluged the place in hope of pictures of "drunken naked girls running across college" (as gleefully reported by http://www.oxfordstudent.com/01mt05/news/6/) but I am sure the Guardian, in whose report I found the league table figures, was there purely for the articles. http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4287915,00.html 18.9 where did Sabbath reflections cause a derailment? Hull. The trial of Leeds footballers accused of affray and of grievous bodily harm with intent was halted in April after the publication of an article in the _Sunday_Mirror_ (get it?) which the jury saw and the judge considered could prejudice them. Estimates of the costs of the derailed trial were in the millions of pounds (although I seem to remember that _Private_Eye_ rubbished the more outrageous claims, which of course were printed in the Mirror Group's rivals), since it had almost completed its course: the jury were considering their verdict at the time. 18.10 who faced up to Baltic bolshevism? Prince Charles. Prince Charles was hit by Alina Lebedeva, a Latvian 15-year-old wielding a bunch of flowers and protesting against British involvement in bombing Afghanistan. (Since she now faces 15 years in jail for this, we might at least rememeber the reason.) For photos and more information: http://www.geocities.com/elsvenjo/FreeAlina.html